Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is a disease that causes a disruption in the tear film and the underlying ocular surface, thereby creating symptoms of eye irritation, eye redness, and changes in vision, which can be damaging in the long-term. This irritation results in chronic inflammation, which causes further disruption in the tear film and ocular surface, leading to a vicious cycle that can irreversibly damage the corneal layer of the eye.

What are symptoms of dry eye syndrome?

Every case is different and the persistence of any symptoms should always be assessed by a ophthalmologist to avoid permanent damage. Here are the most common symptoms:

• Stinging or burning of the eye
• A sandy or gritty feeling as if something is in the eye
• Episodes of excess tears following very dry eye periods
• A stringy discharge from the eye
• Pain and redness of the eye
• Episodes of blurred vision
• Heavy eyelids
• Inability to cry when emotionally stressed
• Uncomfortable contact lenses
• Decreased tolerance of reading, working on the computer, or any activity that requires sustained visual attention
• Eye fatigue

How is dry eye syndrome treated?

The first step in management of dry eye syndrome is modification of the environment, such as the use of a humidifier and avoiding visually demanding activities.  Common treatments include topical ocular lubrication with artificial tears or ointment, topical or oral anti-inflammatory medications, and essential fatty acid supplements.  In severe cases, punctual plugs can be used to block the lacrimal ducts and increase the amount of tears present on the eye.