Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an injury that affects brain function, or how the brain works. TBIs can occur as a result of a blow, jolt, impact, or bump to the head or from an object penetrating the brain such as from a gunshot. TBIs are classified into broad severity categories that range from mild TBI, also known as concussion, to moderate TBI, and severe TBI. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data indicate that most TBIs are the result of a fall, a firearm-related injury, a motor vehicle crash, or an assault. Falls lead to nearly half of all hospitalizations from TBI.
A single or multiple TBI(s) can lead to temporary or lasting complications, with some individuals experiencing life-long effects from the injury. Common observed or reported changes in brain function from a TBI include: disorientation, impaired or loss of consciousness, seizures, irritability, lethargy, headache, dizziness, fatigue, poor concentration, impulsiveness, and emotional lability. There are currently no Food and Drug Administration approved drugs or devices that can restore function after TBI (i.e., “disease-modifying”).
TBI is a major health concern. The CDC estimates that in the United States there are about 190 TBI-related deaths every day and that more than 1.5 million persons have a TBI yearly. Although it is noted that these numbers are low as they do not account for those who did not receive treatment for TBI in a hospital setting.
The ENTiRe team specializes in the use of high clinically-relevant preclinical TBI models for discovery, development, and translation of new therapies to protect the brain and restore function after TBI. The team conducts studies from early-stage target and drug discovery to engagement and efficacy, to scale-up and translational research. We can collaborate at any stage of the process to accelerate discovery and development. ENTiRe has certified professionals following Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), a certified Quality Assurance professional, and the Center conducts most studies using near-GLP standards.