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Profile

Winfield Sale PhD

  • Department of Cell Biology
    Professor Emeritus
  • (404) 727-6265
  • wsale@emory.edu
  • Emory University School of Medicine
    Cell Biology
    615 Michael St., 405G Whitehead Building
Head shot of Winfield Sale

Academic Appointment

  • Professor and Deputy Chair, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine

Education

Degrees

  • Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Scholar from University of Hawaii
  • Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Scholar from California Institute of Technology
  • A.B. from University of California
  • PhD from University of California

Research

Publications

  • Assembly of FAP93 at the proximal axoneme in Chlamydomonas cilia.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 81 Page(s): 539 - 555
    11/01/2024 Authors: Hwang J; Yanagisawa H; Davis KC; Hunter EL; Fox LA; Jimenez AR; Goodwin RE; Gordon SA; Stuart CDE; Bower R
  • Peter Satir (1936-2022), cell biology pioneer and mentor.
    J Cell Sci Volume: 135
    12/01/2022 Authors: Sale WS; Christensen ST
  • Composition and function of ciliary inner-dynein-arm subunits studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 78 Page(s): 77 - 96
    03/01/2021 Authors: Yamamoto R; Hwang J; Ishikawa T; Kon T; Sale WS
  • Mutations in PIH proteins MOT48, TWI1 and PF13 define common and unique steps for preassembly of each, different ciliary dynein.
    PLoS Genet Volume: 16 Page(s): e1009126
    11/01/2020 Authors: Yamamoto R; Yanagi S; Nagao M; Yamasaki Y; Tanaka Y; Sale WS; Yagi T; Kon T
  • Quantitative Proteonnics Analysis of Chlamydomonas Axonemes Reveal Proteins, including PP2A, Localized at the Proximal End of Axonemes.
    Volume: 29
    12/15/2018 Authors: Hwang J; Hunter EL; Bower R; Porter ME; Sale WS; Alford LM
  • The IDA3 adapter, required for intraflagellar transport of I1 dynein, is regulated by ciliary length.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 29 Page(s): 886 - 896
    04/15/2018 Authors: Hunter EL; Lechtreck K; Fu G; Hwang J; Lin H; Gokhale A; Alford LM; Lewis B; Yamamoto R; Kamiya R
  • Fifty years of microtubule sliding in cilia.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 29 Page(s): 698 - 701
    03/15/2018 Authors: King SM; Sale WS
  • Chlamydomonas DYX1C1/PF23 is essential for axonemal assembly and proper morphology of inner dynein arms.
    PLoS Genet Volume: 13 Page(s): e1006996
    09/01/2017 Authors: Yamamoto R; Obbineni JM; Alford LM; Ide T; Owa M; Hwang J; Kon T; Inaba K; James N; King SM
  • Ciliary Motility: Regulation of Axonemal Dynein Motors.
    Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol Volume: 9
    08/01/2017 Authors: Viswanadha R; Sale WS; Porter ME
  • IDA3 associates with IFT in growing cilia to selectively mediate transport and assembly of axonemal I1 dynein.
    Volume: 28
    01/01/2017 Authors: Hunter EL; Hwang J; Fu G; Alford LM; Gokhale A; Yamamoto R; Kamiya R; Lin H; Yang F; Nicastro D
  • IDA3 associates with IFT in growing cilia to selectively mediate transport and assembly of axonemal I1 dynein.
    Volume: 28
    01/01/2017 Authors: Hunter EL; Hwang J; Fu G; Alford LM; Gokhale A; Yamamoto R; Kamiya R; Lin H; Yang F; Nicastro D
  • The nexin link and B-tubule glutamylation maintain the alignment of outer doublets in the ciliary axoneme.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 73 Page(s): 331 - 340
    06/01/2016 Authors: Alford LM; Stoddard D; Li JH; Hunter EL; Tritschler D; Bower R; Nicastro D; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • Analysis of Axonemal Assembly During Ciliary Regeneration in Chlamydomonas.
    Methods Mol Biol Volume: 1454 Page(s): 237 - 243
    01/01/2016 Authors: Hunter EL; Sale WS; Alford LM
  • Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Chlamydomonas Axonemes Reveal Proteins Enriched in Short Axonemes
    Volume: 27
    01/01/2016 Authors: Hwang J; Alford LM; Bower R; Hunter EL; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • The Chlamydomonas IDA3 gene encodes a protein specifically required for transport of the ciliary inner dynein arm I1/f dynein
    Volume: 27
    01/01/2016 Authors: Hunter EL; Hwang J; Alford LM; Yamamoto R; Kamiya R; Lin H; Yang F; Wirschell M; Dutcher SK; Sale WS
  • The Chlamydomonas pf23 mutant carries a deletion in the DYX1C1 gene and fails to assemble the majority of the inner dynein arms in the ciliary axoneme
    Volume: 27
    01/01/2016 Authors: Yamamoto R; Obbineni JM; Alford LM; Ide T; Owa M; Kon T; Inaba K; James N; King SM; Ishikawa T
  • Alcohol-induced ciliary dysfunction targets the outer dynein arm.
    Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Volume: 308 Page(s): L569 - L576
    03/15/2015 Authors: Yang F; Pavlik J; Fox L; Scarbrough C; Sale WS; Sisson JH; Wirschell M
  • FAP206 is a microtubule-docking adapter for ciliary radial spoke 2 and dynein c.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 26 Page(s): 696 - 710
    02/15/2015 Authors: Vasudevan KK; Song K; Alford LM; Sale WS; Dymek EE; Smith EF; Hennessey T; Joachimiak E; Urbanska P; Wloga D
  • Kinesin-13 regulates the quantity and quality of tubulin inside cilia.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 26 Page(s): 478 - 494
    02/01/2015 Authors: Vasudevan KK; Jiang Y-Y; Lechtreck KF; Kushida Y; Alford LM; Sale WS; Hennessey T; Gaertig J
  • Phosphorylation of DCC1 regulates outer dynein arm function and mediates alcohol-induced ciliary dysfunction
    Volume: 26
    01/01/2015 Authors: Yang F; Scarbrough C; Fox-Goharioon LA; Pavlik J; Sale WS; Sisson J; Wirschell M
  • A Structural Basis for How Motile Cilia Beat.
    Bioscience Volume: 64 Page(s): 1073 - 1083
    12/01/2014 Authors: Satir P; Heuser T; Sale WS
  • The ciliary N-DRC and B-tubule polyglutamylation are required for axoneme integrity and outer doublet alignment.
    Volume: 25
    12/01/2014 Authors: Alford LM; Hunter EL; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • The ciliary inner dynein arm, I1 dynein, is assembled in the cytoplasm and transported by IFT before axonemal docking.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 71 Page(s): 573 - 586
    10/01/2014 Authors: Viswanadha R; Hunter EL; Yamamoto R; Wirschell M; Alford LM; Dutcher SK; Sale WS
  • Actin is required for IFT regulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    Curr Biol Volume: 24 Page(s): 2025 - 2032
    09/08/2014 Authors: Avasthi P; Onishi M; Karpiak J; Yamamoto R; Mackinder L; Jonikas MC; Sale WS; Shoichet B; Pringle JR; Marshall WF
  • The Chlamydomonas mutant pf27 reveals novel features of ciliary radial spoke assembly.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 70 Page(s): 804 - 818
    12/01/2013 Authors: Alford LM; Mattheyses AL; Hunter EL; Lin H; Dutcher SK; Sale WS
  • The MIA complex is a conserved and novel dynein regulator essential for normal ciliary motility.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 201 Page(s): 263 - 278
    04/15/2013 Authors: Yamamoto R; Song K; Yanagisawa H-A; Fox L; Yagi T; Wirschell M; Hirono M; Kamiya R; Nicastro D; Sale WS
  • The N-DRC forms a conserved biochemical complex that maintains outer doublet alignment and limits microtubule sliding in motile axonemes.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 24 Page(s): 1134 - 1152
    04/01/2013 Authors: Bower R; Tritschler D; Vanderwaal K; Perrone CA; Mueller J; Fox L; Sale WS; Porter ME
  • The nexin-dynein regulatory complex subunit DRC1 is essential for motile cilia function in algae and humans.
    Nat Genet Volume: 45 Page(s): 262 - 268
    03/01/2013 Authors: Wirschell M; Olbrich H; Werner C; Tritschler D; Bower R; Sale WS; Loges NT; Pennekamp P; Lindberg S; Stenram U
  • Assembly and transport of the ciliary dynein I1.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 24
    01/01/2013 Authors: Viswanadha R; Yamamoto R; Alford L; Wirschell M; Kamiya R; Sale WS
  • Ethanol alters the function of the outer dynein arm and reveals that DCC1 of the outer dynein arm-docking complex is an ethanol-sensitive phosphoprotein
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 24
    01/01/2013 Authors: Yang F; Fox LA; Pavlik J; Sale WS; Sisson J; Wirschell M
  • Defective radial spoke transport in the Chlamydomonas mutant pf27
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 24
    01/01/2013 Authors: Alford LM; Mattheyses AL; Hunter EL; Lin H; Dutcher SK; Sale WS
  • Composition and function of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 23
    01/01/2012 Authors: Bower R; Tritschler D; VanderWaal K; Fox L; Sale W; Porter ME
  • The Mia complex is a conserved dynein regulator required for normal ciliary motility
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 23
    01/01/2012 Authors: Yamamoto R; Song K; Yanagisawa H-A; Fox L; Yagi T; Wirschell M; Hirono M; Kamiya R; Nicastro D; Sale WS
  • A unified taxonomy for ciliary dyneins.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 68 Page(s): 555 - 565
    10/01/2011 Authors: Hom EFY; Witman GB; Harris EH; Dutcher SK; Kamiya R; Mitchell DR; Pazour GJ; Porter ME; Sale WS; Wirschell M
  • bop5 Mutations reveal new roles for the IC138 phosphoprotein in the regulation of flagellar motility and asymmetric waveforms.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 22 Page(s): 2862 - 2874
    08/15/2011 Authors: VanderWaal KE; Yamamoto R; Wakabayashi K-I; Fox L; Kamiya R; Dutcher SK; Bayly PV; Sale WS; Porter ME
  • Sequential assembly of flagellar radial spokes.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 68 Page(s): 389 - 400
    07/01/2011 Authors: Diener DR; Yang P; Geimer S; Cole DG; Sale WS; Rosenbaum JL
  • An axonemal PP2A B-subunit is required for PP2A localization and flagellar motility.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) Volume: 68 Page(s): 363 - 372
    07/01/2011 Authors: Elam CA; Wirschell M; Yamamoto R; Fox LA; York K; Kamiya R; Dutcher SK; Sale WS
  • Regulation of ciliary motility: conserved protein kinases and phosphatases are targeted and anchored in the ciliary axoneme.
    Arch Biochem Biophys Volume: 510 Page(s): 93 - 100
    06/15/2011 Authors: Wirschell M; Yamamoto R; Alford L; Gokhale A; Gaillard A; Sale WS
  • INHIBITION OF CILIARY DYNEIN BY ALCOHOL IN THE MODEL GENETIC ORGANISM CHLAMYDOMONAS
    Volume: 35 Page(s): 52A - 52A
    06/01/2011 Authors: Wirschell M; Fox L; Pavlik J; Sisson J; Sale WS
  • Distinct roles of 1alpha and 1beta heavy chains of the inner arm dynein I1 of Chlamydomonas flagella.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 22 Page(s): 342 - 353
    02/01/2011 Authors: Toba S; Fox LA; Sakakibara H; Porter ME; Oiwa K; Sale WS
  • Temporary dikaryons in Chlamydomonas reveal that transport of I1 dynein in the cilium requires the intermediate chain subunit IC140 and Ida3p.
    Volume: 22
    01/01/2011 Authors: Viswanadha R; Fox L; Yamamoto R; Sale W; Wirschell M
  • The pf27 mutant is defective in radial spoke transport in the cilium
    Volume: 22
    01/01/2011 Authors: Alford LM; Dutcher S; Sale W
  • Tubulin glutamylation regulates ciliary motility by altering inner dynein arm activity.
    Curr Biol Volume: 20 Page(s): 435 - 440
    03/09/2010 Authors: Suryavanshi S; Edd B; Fox LA; Guerrero S; Hard R; Hennessey T; Kabi A; Malison D; Pennock D; Sale WS
  • Regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding by the axonemal protein kinase CK1 in Chlamydomonas flagella.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 186 Page(s): 817 - 824
    09/21/2009 Authors: Gokhale A; Wirschell M; Sale WS
  • A novel ankyrin-repeat protein interacts with the regulatory proteins of inner arm dynein f (I1) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Volume: 66 Page(s): 448 - 456
    08/01/2009 Authors: Ikeda K; Yamamoto R; Wirschell M; Yagi T; Bower R; Porter ME; Sale WS; Kamiya R
  • IC97 Is a Novel Intermediate Chain of I1 Dynein That Interacts with Tubulin and Regulates Interdoublet Sliding (vol 20, pg 3044, 2009)
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 20 Page(s): 3617 - 3617
    08/01/2009 Authors: Wirschell M; Yang C; Yang PF; Fox L; Yanagisawa H; Kamiya R; Witman GB; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • IC97 is a novel intermediate chain of I1 dynein that interacts with tubulin and regulates interdoublet sliding.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 20 Page(s): 3044 - 3054
    07/01/2009 Authors: Wirschell M; Yang C; Yang P; Fox L; Yanagisawa H-A; Kamiya R; Witman GB; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • IC138 defines a subdomain at the base of the I1 dynein that regulates microtubule sliding and flagellar motility.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 20 Page(s): 3055 - 3063
    07/01/2009 Authors: Bower R; VanderWaal K; O'Toole E; Fox L; Perrone C; Mueller J; Wirschell M; Kamiya R; Sale WS; Porter ME
  • The regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding in Chlamydomonas flagella by axonemal kinases and phosphatases.
    Methods Cell Biol Volume: 92 Page(s): 133 - 151
    01/01/2009 Authors: Elam CA; Sale WS; Wirschell M
  • Building a radial spoke: flagellar radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) is a dimer.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Volume: 65 Page(s): 238 - 248
    03/01/2008 Authors: Wirschell M; Zhao F; Yang C; Yang P; Diener D; Gaillard A; Rosenbaum JL; Sale WS
  • Keeping an eye on I1: I1 dynein as a model for flagellar dynein assembly and regulation.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Volume: 64 Page(s): 569 - 579
    08/01/2007 Authors: Wirschell M; Hendrickson T; Sale WS
  • Disruption of the A-kinase anchoring domain in flagellar radial spoke protein 3 results in unregulated axonemal cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity and abnormal flagellar motility.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 17 Page(s): 2626 - 2635
    06/01/2006 Authors: Gaillard AR; Fox LA; Rhea JM; Craige B; Sale WS
  • Radial spoke proteins of Chlamydomonas flagella.
    J Cell Sci Volume: 119 Page(s): 1165 - 1174
    03/15/2006 Authors: Yang P; Diener DR; Yang C; Kohno T; Pazour GJ; Dienes JM; Agrin NS; King SM; Sale WS; Kamiya R
  • IC138 is a WD-repeat dynein intermediate chain required for light chain assembly and regulation of flagellar bending.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 15 Page(s): 5431 - 5442
    12/01/2004 Authors: Hendrickson TW; Perrone CA; Griffin P; Wuichet K; Mueller J; Yang P; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • Dynein intermediate chain IC138 is required for light chain assembly and regulation of flaggellar waveform in Chlamdomonas
    Volume: 15 Page(s): 38A - 39A
    11/01/2004 Authors: Hendrickson TW; Perrone CA; Mueller J; Yang P; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • Flagellar radial spoke protein 2 is a calmodulin binding protein required for motility in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    Eukaryot Cell Volume: 3 Page(s): 72 - 81
    02/01/2004 Authors: Yang P; Yang C; Sale WS
  • Characterization of IC138, a regulatory intermediate chain of inner arm dynein I1 in Chlamydomonas
    Volume: 13 Page(s): 183A - 183A
    11/01/2002 Authors: Hendrickson TW; Yang P; Wuichet K; Griffin P; Perrone CA; Silflow CD; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • In vitro motility assay of dynein f anchored to glass surface by anti-IC140K antibody
    Volume: 13 Page(s): 183A - 183A
    11/01/2002 Authors: Sakakibara H; Sakai Y; Sale WS; Oiwa K
  • Anchoring of axonemal PKA is required for regulation of flagellar motility in Chlamydomonas.
    Volume: 13 Page(s): 328A - 328A
    11/01/2002 Authors: Gaillard AR; Rhea J; Sale WS
  • Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produces a profilin with unusual biochemical properties.
    J Cell Sci Volume: 114 Page(s): 4293 - 4305
    12/01/2001 Authors: Kovar DR; Yang P; Sale WS; Drobak BK; Staiger CJ
  • Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expresses a profilin with unusual biochemical properties
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 12 Page(s): 288A - 288A
    11/01/2001 Authors: Kovar DR; Yang PF; Sale WS; Drobak BK; Staiger CJ
  • Functional domains in Chlamydomonas flagellar inner arm dynein I1: Control of 1 beta heavy chain motor activity by ATP gamma S
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 12 Page(s): 314A - 314A
    11/01/2001 Authors: Finst R; Fox LA; Porter ME; Sale WS
  • Localization of calmodulin and dynein light chain LC8 in flagellar radial spokes.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 153 Page(s): 1315 - 1326
    06/11/2001 Authors: Yang P; Diener DR; Rosenbaum JL; Sale WS
  • Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP).
    J Cell Biol Volume: 153 Page(s): 443 - 448
    04/16/2001 Authors: Gaillard AR; Diener DR; Rosenbaum JL; Sale WS
  • Peter Satir -- investigating the structural basis for cell function.
    Trends Cell Biol Volume: 11 Page(s): 180 - 182
    04/01/2001 Authors: Sale WS; Barkalow KL
  • Identification of the RII binding site in radial spoke protein 3, a Chlamydomonas axonemal AKAP
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 11 Page(s): 431A - 431A
    12/01/2000 Authors: Gaillard AR; Sale WS
  • The 9 + 2 axoneme anchors multiple inner arm dyneins and a network of kinases and phosphatases that control motility.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 151 Page(s): F37 - F42
    11/27/2000 Authors: Porter ME; Sale WS
  • Casein kinase I is anchored on axonemal doublet microtubules and regulates flagellar dynein phosphorylation and activity.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 275 Page(s): 18905 - 18912
    06/23/2000 Authors: Yang P; Sale WS
  • Protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are located in distinct positions in the Chlamydomonas flagellar axoneme.
    J Cell Sci Volume: 113 ( Pt 1) Page(s): 91 - 102
    01/01/2000 Authors: Yang P; Fox L; Colbran RJ; Sale WS
  • An axonemal CKI (casein kinase I) regulates flagellar dynein.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 10 Page(s): 389A - 389A
    11/01/1999 Authors: Yang PF; Sale WS
  • Radial spoke protein 3 is an A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP)
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 10 Page(s): 388A - 388A
    11/01/1999 Authors: Roush AM; Sale WS
  • Flagellar radial spoke protein 2 (RSP2) is a protein kinase.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 10 Page(s): 388A - 388A
    11/01/1999 Authors: Yang PF; Sale WS
  • Characterization of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant that disrupts flagellar central pair microtubule-associated structures.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 144 Page(s): 293 - 304
    01/25/1999 Authors: Mitchell DR; Sale WS
  • The Mr 140,000 intermediate chain of Chlamydomonas flagellar inner arm dynein is a WD-repeat protein implicated in dynein arm anchoring.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 9 Page(s): 3335 - 3349
    12/01/1998 Authors: Yang P; Sale WS
  • The Chlamydomonas IDA7 locus encodes a 140-kDa dynein intermediate chain required to assemble the I1 inner arm complex.
    Mol Biol Cell Volume: 9 Page(s): 3351 - 3365
    12/01/1998 Authors: Perrone CA; Yang P; O'Toole E; Sale WS; Porter ME
  • A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPS) are localized to the central pair and radial spokes in flagellar axonemes.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 9 Page(s): 397A - 397A
    11/01/1998 Authors: Roush AM; Sale WS
  • An axonemal CKII (casein kinase II) regulates flagellar dynein.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 9 Page(s): 275A - 275A
    11/01/1998 Authors: Yang PF; Sale WS
  • Characterization of axonemal type-1 phosphatase that regulates flagellar dynein activity.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 9 Page(s): 130A - 130A
    11/01/1998 Authors: Yang P; Fox L; Sale WS
  • Chlamydomonas flagella possess protein kinase A inhibitor activity.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 9 Page(s): 278A - 278A
    11/01/1998 Authors: Mitchell BF; Sale WS
  • Mutations at CPC1 alter flagellar motility and define new central pair microtubule associated structures.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 9 Page(s): 278A - 278A
    11/01/1998 Authors: Mitchell DR; Sale WS
  • Characterization of an axonemal type-1 phosphatase which regulates flagellar dynein activity.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 8 Page(s): 931 - 931
    11/01/1997 Authors: Fox LA; Yang P; Sale WS
  • Regulation of flagellar dynein by phosphorylation of a 138-kD inner arm dynein intermediate chain.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 136 Page(s): 167 - 176
    01/13/1997 Authors: Habermacher G; Sale WS
  • Cloning and characterization of the 140 KD intermediate chain gene of inner dynein arm I1 in Chlamydomonas.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 7 Page(s): 3305 - 3305
    12/01/1996 Authors: Yang P; Sale WS
  • The IDA7 locus encodes a dynein intermediate chain required for I1 complex assembly.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 7 Page(s): 3304 - 3304
    12/01/1996 Authors: Perrone C; Yang P; OToole E; Sale W; Porter ME
  • Regulation of dynein activity by phosphorylation of a 138 KD intermediate chain subunit.
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 7 Page(s): 3302 - 3302
    12/01/1996 Authors: Habermacher G; Sale WS
  • Regulation of flagellar dynein by an axonemal type-1 phosphatase in Chlamydomonas.
    J Cell Sci Volume: 109 ( Pt 7) Page(s): 1899 - 1907
    07/01/1996 Authors: Habermacher G; Sale WS
  • REGULATION OF CHLAMYDOMONAS FLAGELLAR DYNEIN BY AN AXONEMAL PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 6 Page(s): 197 - 197
    11/01/1995 Authors: HABERMACHER G; SALE WS
  • Regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding by an axonemal kinase and phosphatase in Chlamydomonas flagella.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Volume: 32 Page(s): 106 - 109
    01/01/1995 Authors: Habermacher G; Sale WS
  • Isolation of inner- and outer-arm dyneins.
    Methods Cell Biol Volume: 47 Page(s): 481 - 486
    01/01/1995 Authors: Howard DR; Sale WS
  • Microscopic assays of flagellar dynein activity.
    Methods Cell Biol Volume: 47 Page(s): 257 - 262
    01/01/1995 Authors: Sale WS; Howard DR
  • Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagellar dynein by an axonemal protein kinase.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 127 Page(s): 1683 - 1692
    12/01/1994 Authors: Howard DR; Habermacher G; Glass DB; Smith EF; Sale WS
  • Kinesin-related proteins in eukaryotic flagella.
    J Cell Sci Volume: 107 ( Pt 6) Page(s): 1545 - 1550
    06/01/1994 Authors: Fox LA; Sawin KE; Sale WS
  • Assays of axonemal dynein-driven motility.
    Methods Cell Biol Volume: 39 Page(s): 89 - 104
    01/01/1993 Authors: Sale WS; Fox LA; Smith EF
  • Regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding by the radial spokes in flagella.
    Science Volume: 257 Page(s): 1557 - 1559
    09/11/1992 Authors: Smith EF; Sale WS
  • EVIDENCE FOR KINESIN-RELATED PROTEINS IN EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLA
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 3 Page(s): A367 - A367
    09/01/1992 Authors: FOX LA; SAWIN KE; SALE WS
  • The alpha subunit of sea urchin sperm outer arm dynein mediates structural and rigor binding to microtubules.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 118 Page(s): 1189 - 1200
    09/01/1992 Authors: Moss AG; Sale WS; Fox LA; Witman GB
  • RADIAL SPOKES REGULATE DYNEIN INDUCED MICROTUBULE SLIDING IN FLAGELLA
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL Volume: 3 Page(s): A162 - A162
    09/01/1992 Authors: SMITH EF; SALE WS
  • Structural and functional reconstitution of inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 117 Page(s): 573 - 581
    05/01/1992 Authors: Smith EF; Sale WS
  • SEGREGATION OF FUNCTION IN SEA-URCHIN FLAGELLA OUTER ARM DYNEIN SUBUNITS
    CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON Volume: 23 Page(s): 305 - 305
    01/01/1992 Authors: MOSS AG; GATTI JL; SALE WS; FOX LA; WITMAN GB
  • Microtubule binding and translocation by inner dynein arm subtype I1.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Volume: 18 Page(s): 258 - 268
    01/01/1991 Authors: Smith EF; Sale WS
  • DIFFERENTIAL MICROTUBULE BINDING AND TRANSLOCATION BY INNER DYNEIN ARM COMPONENTS
    BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL Volume: 57 Page(s): A348 - A348
    02/01/1990 Authors: SMITH EF; SALE WS
  • Three distinct inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas flagella: molecular composition and location in the axoneme.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 110 Page(s): 379 - 389
    02/01/1990 Authors: Piperno G; Ramanis Z; Smith EF; Sale WS
  • Isolated beta-heavy chain subunit of dynein translocates microtubules in vitro.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 107 Page(s): 1793 - 1797
    11/01/1988 Authors: Sale WS; Fox LA
  • Fibronectin is a component of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble transglutaminase substrate.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 263 Page(s): 8464 - 8469
    06/15/1988 Authors: Tyrrell DJ; Sale WS; Slife CW
  • Isolation of a sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble transglutaminase substrate from liver plasma membranes.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 263 Page(s): 1946 - 1951
    02/05/1988 Authors: Tyrrell DJ; Sale WS; Slife CW
  • Distribution of acetylated alpha-tubulin in retina and in vitro-assembled microtubules.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Volume: 9 Page(s): 243 - 253
    01/01/1988 Authors: Sale WS; Besharse JC; Piperno G
  • THE BETA-HEAVY CHAIN SUBUNIT OF OUTER ARM DYNEIN IS SUFFICIENT FOR MICROTUBULE GLIDING ACTIVITY
    CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON Volume: 11 Page(s): 193 - 193
    01/01/1988 Authors: SALE WS; FOX LA
  • THE INNER DYNEIN ARMS GENERATE FORCE IN A SINGLE DIRECTION
    CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON Volume: 10 Page(s): 346 - 346
    01/01/1988 Authors: SALE WS; FOX LA
  • Direction of force generated by the inner row of dynein arms on flagellar microtubules.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 105 Page(s): 1781 - 1787
    10/01/1987 Authors: Fox LA; Sale WS
  • A NEW METHOD OF REACTIVATION OF OUTER DYNEIN ARM DEPLETED SPERM TAIL AXONEMES
    BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL Volume: 51 Page(s): A213 - A213
    02/01/1987 Authors: SALE WS; FOX LA
  • Localization of a liver transglutaminase and a large molecular weight transglutaminase substrate to a distinct plasma membrane domain.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 261 Page(s): 14833 - 14836
    11/05/1986 Authors: Tyrrell DJ; Sale WS; Slife CW
  • HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYPEPTIDES OF THE INNER DYNEIN ARMS IN SEA-URCHIN SPERM TAIL AXONEMES
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 103 Page(s): A2 - A2
    11/01/1986 Authors: SALE WS; FOX LA
  • DISTRIBUTION OF ACETYLATED ALPHA-TUBULIN IN PHOTORECEPTORS AND NEURONS FROM AMPHIBIAN RETINAS
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 103 Page(s): A128 - A128
    11/01/1986 Authors: SALE WS; BESHARSE JC; PIPERNO G
  • The axonemal axis and Ca2+-induced asymmetry of active microtubule sliding in sea urchin sperm tails.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 102 Page(s): 2042 - 2052
    06/01/1986 Authors: Sale WS
  • ASSOCIATION OF A LIVER TRANSGLUTAMINASE WITH A PLASMA-MEMBRANE DOMAIN
    FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS Volume: 45 Page(s): 1903 - 1903
    05/01/1986 Authors: TYRRELL DJ; SALE WS; SLIFE CW
  • DETERMINATION OF THE AXONEMAL AXIS AND ASYMMETRY OF MICROTUBULE SLIDING IN SEA-URCHIN SPERM
    BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL Volume: 49 Page(s): A78 - A78
    02/01/1986 Authors: SALE WS; FOX L
  • The substructure of isolated and in situ outer dynein arms of sea urchin sperm flagella.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 101 Page(s): 1400 - 1412
    10/01/1985 Authors: Sale WS; Goodenough UW; Heuser JE
  • THE STRUCTURE OF DYNEIN-1 OUTER ARMS OF SEA-URCHIN SPERM TAIL AXONEMES AS REVEALED BY QUICK FREEZE, DEEP ETCH ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY
    CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON Volume: 5 Page(s): 145 - 146
    01/01/1985 Authors: SALE WS; GOODENOUGH UW; HEUSER JE
  • Structure of C protein purified from cardiac muscle.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 100 Page(s): 208 - 215
    01/01/1985 Authors: Hartzell HC; Sale WS
  • Study of the properties of MgATP2--induced stationary bends in demembranated sea urchin sperm.
    Cell Motil Volume: 5 Page(s): 209 - 224
    01/01/1985 Authors: Sale WS
  • STRUCTURE OF C-PROTEIN PURIFIED FROM CARDIAC MYOFIBRILS
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 99 Page(s): A438 - A438
    01/01/1984 Authors: HARTZELL HC; SALE WS
  • THE STRUCTURE OF DYNEIN-1 OF SEA-URCHIN SPERM TAIL AXONEMES
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 99 Page(s): A44 - A44
    01/01/1984 Authors: SALE WS; GOODENOUGH UW; HEUSER JE
  • LOW-ANGLE ROTARY-SHADOW REPLICATION OF 21S-DYNEIN FROM SEA-URCHIN SPERM FLAGELLA
    JOURNAL OF SUBMICROSCOPIC CYTOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY Volume: 15 Page(s): 217 - 221
    01/01/1983 Authors: SALE WS
  • COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF ISOLATED OUTER DYNEIN ARMS FROM FLAGELLAR AXONEMES
    ANATOMICAL RECORD Volume: 205 Page(s): A173 - A173
    01/01/1983 Authors: SALE WS
  • CORRELATION OF MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AND MOLECULAR AREA OF ROTARY SHADOWED 21S DYNEIN-1, MYOSIN HEADS, AND IGG
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 97 Page(s): A197 - A197
    01/01/1983 Authors: SALE WS; TAYLOR LB
  • Structure of the dynein-1 outer arm in sea urchin sperm flagella. I. Analysis by separation of subunits.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 257 Page(s): 508 - 515
    01/10/1982 Authors: Tang WJ; Bell CW; Sale WS; Gibbons IR
  • LOW-ANGLE, ROTARY SHADOWED REPLICATION OF 21S DYNEIN
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 95 Page(s): A343 - A343
    01/01/1982 Authors: SALE WS
  • Preparation and purification of dynein.
    Methods Enzymol Volume: 85 Pt B Page(s): 450 - 474
    01/01/1982 Authors: Bell CW; Fraser CL; Sale WS; Tang WJ; Gibbons IR
  • Preparation and purification of dynein.
    Methods Cell Biol Volume: 24 Page(s): 373 - 397
    01/01/1982 Authors: Bell CW; Fraser C; Sale WS; Tang WJ; Gibbons IR
  • Study of the mechanism of vanadate inhibition of the dynein cross-bridge cycle in sea urchin sperm flagella.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 82 Page(s): 291 - 298
    07/01/1979 Authors: Sale WS; Gibbons IR
  • Potent inhibition of dynein adenosinetriphosphatase and of the motility of cilia and sperm flagella by vanadate.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 75 Page(s): 2220 - 2224
    05/01/1978 Authors: Gibbons IR; Cosson MP; Evans JA; Gibbons BH; Houck B; Martinson KH; Sale WS; Tang WJ
  • Tails of Tetrahymena.
    J Protozool Volume: 24 Page(s): 498 - 501
    11/01/1977 Authors: Satir P; Sale WS
  • Direction of active sliding of microtubules in Tetrahymena cilia.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 74 Page(s): 2045 - 2049
    05/01/1977 Authors: Sale WS; Satir P
  • The termination of the central microtubules from the cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis.
    Cell Biol Int Rep Volume: 1 Page(s): 45 - 49
    01/01/1977 Authors: Sale WS; Satir P
  • Splayed Tetrahymena cilia. A system for analyzing sliding and axonemal spoke arrangements.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 71 Page(s): 589 - 605
    11/01/1976 Authors: Sale WS; Satir P
  • ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF ATP TREATED, TRYPSINIZED AXONEMES FROM CILIA OF TETRAHYMENA
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 70 Page(s): A223 - A223
    01/01/1976 Authors: SALE WS; SATIR P
  • Membrane renewal after dibucaine deciliation of Tetrahymena. Freeze-fracture technique, cilia, membrane structure.
    Exp Cell Res Volume: 97 Page(s): 83 - 91
    01/01/1976 Authors: Satir B; Sale WS; Satir P
  • Adhesion of cells to surfaces coated with polylysine. Applications to electron microscopy.
    J Cell Biol Volume: 66 Page(s): 198 - 200
    07/01/1975 Authors: Mazia D; Schatten G; Sale W
  • SPOKE PATTERN CHANGES IN SPLAYED TETRAHYMENA CILIA
    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Volume: 67 Page(s): A379 - A379
    01/01/1975 Authors: SALE WS; SATIR P
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