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Profile

Christina Gavegnano

  • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Assistant Professor
  • (404) 727-3077
  • christina.gavegnano@emory.edu
Head shot of Christina Gavegnano

Overview

The Gavegnano Group studies inflammation as it relates to viral pathogenesis, with a specific focus on drug discovery and immunomodulation with small molecule inhibitors, including Jak inhibitors. Our group was the first to demonstrate a published antiviral and anti-HIV effect with the Jak inhibitor class of agents, including Ruxolitinib and Baricitinib. Our work has streamlined multiple clinical studies worldwide for HIV (A5336 AIDS Clinical Trial sponsored Phase 2a study) and for COVID-19 (ACTT2 and ACTT4 for COVID, and other phase 3 studies). This work led to Emergency Use Approval status from the FDA for baricitinib in November 2020 for treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen. Our team continues to pursue mechanistic studies with Jak inhibitors to bolster additional understanding about how this class of agents facilitate antiviral effects by modulation of inflammation.

Our group also pursues drug discovery for novel immunomodulators for viral infections in high throughput screening platforms, and simultaneous phenotypic studies for lead candidate evaluation in an in vitro and ex vivo setting. Our team focuses on mechanistic virological studies to bolster understanding of the dynamics between viruses and host cells, including HIV. The goal of the group is a multi-platform foundation that dovetails basic science drug discovery, pharmacology, mechanistic studies, and translational application in the virology space, towards human studies and eventual IND status for candidate agents.

Academic Appointment

  • AIDS Clinical Trial Group Neurology Scientific Working Group Member, ACTG
  • Assistant Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine

Education

Degrees

  • PhD, Pharmacology from Emory University
  • MS, Immunology from University of Florida

Research

Publications

  • Safety, pharmacokinetics, and biological activity of CD4-mimetic BNM-III-170 in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques.
    J Virol Volume: 99 Page(s): e0006225
    05/20/2025 Authors: Viox EG; Richard J; Grandea AG; Nguyen K; Harper J; Auger J; Ding S; Gasser R; Prvost J; Marchitto L
  • The identification of intact HIV proviral DNA from human cerebrospinal fluid.
    Neurotherapeutics Volume: 21 Page(s): e00373
    07/01/2024 Authors: Zhang Z; Reece MD; Roa S; Tyor W; Franklin DR; Letendre SL; Marconi VC; Anderson AM; Gavegnano C
  • Honokiol hexafluoro confers reversal of neuropathological markers of HIV infection in a murine SCID model.
    Neurotherapeutics Volume: 21 Page(s): e00329
    03/01/2024 Authors: Zhang Z; Scanlan A; Koneru R; Morrell CR; Reece MD; Edwards E; Roa S; Gavegnano C; Bimonte-Nelson H; Arbiser J
  • Readily available drugs and other interventions to potentially improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer.
    Front Immunol Volume: 14 Page(s): 1281744
    01/01/2023 Authors: Coleman M; Mascialino SJ; Panjwani A; Edwards E; Sukhatme VV; Gavegnano C; Sukhatme VP
  • The comorbidity of depression and neurocognitive disorder in persons with HIV infection: call for investigation and treatment.
    Front Cell Neurosci Volume: 17 Page(s): 1130938
    01/01/2023 Authors: Goodkin K; Evering TH; Anderson AM; Ragin A; Monaco CL; Gavegnano C; Avery RJ; Rourke SB; Cysique LA; Brew BJ
  • A Rationale and Approach to the Development of Specific Treatments for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Impairment.
    Microorganisms Volume: 10
    11/12/2022 Authors: Scanlan A; Zhang Z; Koneru R; Reece M; Gavegnano C; Anderson AM; Tyor W
  • Cognitively Based Compassion Training for HIV Immune Nonresponders-An Attention-Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial.
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Volume: 89 Page(s): 340 - 348
    03/01/2022 Authors: Titanji BK; Tejani M; Farber EW; Mehta CC; Pace TW; Meagley K; Gavegnano C; Harrison T; Kokubun CW; Negi SD
  • Randomized Trial of Ruxolitinib in Antiretroviral-Treated Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
    Clin Infect Dis Volume: 74 Page(s): 95 - 104
    01/07/2022 Authors: Marconi VC; Moser C; Gavegnano C; Deeks SG; Lederman MM; Overton ET; Tsibris A; Hunt PW; Kantor A; Sekaly R-P
  • Repurposing BCL-2 and Jak 1/2 inhibitors: Cure and treatment of HIV-1 and other viral infections.
    Front Immunol Volume: 13 Page(s): 1033672
    01/01/2022 Authors: Reece MD; Song C; Hancock SC; Pereira Ribeiro S; Kulpa DA; Gavegnano C
  • Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in HIV Suppressed Individuals on Antiretroviral Agent Therapy from the ACTG A5336 Study.
    J Clin Pharmacol Volume: 61 Page(s): 1555 - 1566
    12/01/2021 Authors: Hurwitz SJ; Tao S; Gavegnano C; Jiang Y; Tressler RL; Tsibris A; Del Rio C; Overton ET; Lederman MM; Kantor A
  • Large Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in HIV Sensory Neuropathy.
    Neurology Volume: 97 Page(s): e156 - e165
    07/13/2021 Authors: Roda RH; Bargiela D; Chen W; Perry K; Ellis RJ; Clifford DB; Bharti A; Kallianpur AR; Oliveira MF; Diaz MM
  • Treatment of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Mice with Curcumin Improves Cognitive Deficits
    Volume: 96
    04/13/2021 Authors: Tyor W; Koneru R; Haile W; Scanlan A; Gavegnano C
  • Use of Baricitinib in Patients With Moderate to Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019.
    Clin Infect Dis Volume: 72 Page(s): 1247 - 1250
    04/08/2021 Authors: Titanji BK; Farley MM; Mehta A; Connor-Schuler R; Moanna A; Cribbs SK; O'Shea J; DeSilva K; Chan B; Edwards A
  • Targeting Macrophage Dysregulation for Viral Infections: Novel Targets for Immunomodulators.
    Front Immunol Volume: 12 Page(s): 768695
    01/01/2021 Authors: Reece MD; Taylor RR; Song C; Gavegnano C
  • The Effect of JAK1/2 Inhibitors on HIV Reservoir Using Primary Lymphoid Cell Model of HIV Latency.
    Front Immunol Volume: 12 Page(s): 720697
    01/01/2021 Authors: de Armas LR; Gavegnano C; Pallikkuth S; Rinaldi S; Pan L; Battivelli E; Verdin E; Younis RT; Pahwa R; Williams SL
  • Novel method to quantify phenotypic markers of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in a murine SCID model.
    J Neurovirol Volume: 26 Page(s): 838 - 845
    12/01/2020 Authors: Gavegnano C; Haile W; Koneru R; Hurwitz SJ; Kohler JJ; Tyor WR; Schinazi RF
  • Improvement of Cognitive Deficits and Neuronal Markers in HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Mice Treated with Curcumin
    Volume: 88 Page(s): S140 - S141
    10/01/2020 Authors: Tyor W; Koneru R; Haile W; Scanla A; Gavegnano C
  • Novel cell culture 3D model for HBV/HIV co-infection and antiviral evaluation
    Volume: 73 Page(s): S871 - S872
    08/01/2020 Authors: Bassit L; Gavegnano C; Verma K; Kleinbard R; Kohler J; Mead J; Schinazi RF
  • 7-Deaza-7-fluoro-2'-C-methyladenosine inhibits Zika virus infection and viral-induced neuroinflammation.
    Antiviral Res Volume: 180 Page(s): 104855
    08/01/2020 Authors: Del Sarto JL; Rocha RDPF; Bassit L; Olmo IG; Valiate B; Queiroz-Junior CM; Pedrosa CDSG; Ribeiro FM; Guimares MZ; Rehen S
  • Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in People With HIV Infection.
    J Am Heart Assoc Volume: 9 Page(s): e014873
    02/04/2020 Authors: Titanji B; Gavegnano C; Hsue P; Schinazi R; Marconi VC
  • Repurposing Agents Results in Selective Death Induction of HIV-1 Infected Myeloid Reservoirs
    Volume: 25 Page(s): S15 - S15
    10/01/2019 Authors: Gavegnano C; Shephard C; Holler J; Kim B
  • Baricitinib reverses HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in a SCID mouse model and reservoir seeding in vitro.
    J Neuroinflammation Volume: 16 Page(s): 182
    09/27/2019 Authors: Gavegnano C; Haile WB; Hurwitz S; Tao S; Jiang Y; Schinazi RF; Tyor WR
  • Selective death induction of HIV-1 infected myeloid reservoirs
    Volume: 22 Page(s): 22 - 22
    07/01/2019 Authors: Gavegnano C; Shephard C; Holler J; Coggins S; Kim B
  • Inhibiting Mononuclear Phagocyte Functions in a HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Mouse Model
    Volume: 92
    04/09/2019 Authors: Tyor W; Haile W; Gavegnano C; Bimonte-Nelson H; Koneru R; Maroun L; Schinazi R
  • Crossroads of Cancer and HIV-1: Pathways to a Cure for HIV.
    Front Immunol Volume: 10 Page(s): 2267
    01/01/2019 Authors: Gavegnano C; Savarino A; Owanikoko T; Marconi VC
  • Host SAMHD1 protein restricts endogenous reverse transcription of HIV-1 in nondividing macrophages.
    Retrovirology Volume: 15 Page(s): 69
    10/13/2018 Authors: Mahboubi B; Gavegnano C; Kim D-H; Schinazi RF; Kim B
  • Mononuclear Phagocyte Inhibition in a HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Mouse Model
    Volume: 84 Page(s): S62 - S63
    10/01/2018 Authors: Tyor W; Gavegnano C; Haile W; Bimonte-Nelson H; Koneru R; Maroun L; Schinazi R
  • Correction: Ruxolitinib sensitizes ovarian cancer to reduced dose Taxol, limits tumor growth and improves survival in immune competent mice.
    Oncotarget Volume: 9 Page(s): 30472
    07/13/2018 Authors: Reeves PM; Abbaslou MA; Kools FRW; Vutipongsatorn K; Tong X; Gavegnano C; Schinazi RF; Poznansky MC
  • The effects of JAK inhibitors in a mouse model of HIV neurocognitive disorders
    Volume: 90
    04/10/2018 Authors: Tyor W; Haile W; Gavegnano C; Bimonte-Nelson H; Koneru R; Schinazi R
  • Baricitinib Reverses HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in a SCID Murine Model
    Volume: 24 Page(s): S29 - S29
    04/01/2018 Authors: Gavegnano C; Haile W; Koneru R; Tao S; Hurwitz S; Schinazi R; Tyor W
  • Baricitinib Reverses HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in a SCID Murine Model
    Volume: 13 Page(s): S29 - S29
    04/01/2018 Authors: Gavegnano C; Haile W; Koneru R; Tao S; Hurwitz S; Schinazi R; Tyor W
  • Novel mechanisms to inhibit HIV reservoir seeding using Jak inhibitors.
    PLoS Pathog Volume: 13 Page(s): e1006740
    12/01/2017 Authors: Gavegnano C; Brehm JH; Dupuy FP; Talla A; Ribeiro SP; Kulpa DA; Cameron C; Santos S; Hurwitz SJ; Marconi VC
  • Ruxolitinib sensitizes ovarian cancer to reduced dose Taxol, limits tumor growth and improves survival in immune competent mice.
    Oncotarget Volume: 8 Page(s): 94040 - 94053
    11/07/2017 Authors: Reeves PM; Abbaslou MA; Kools FRW; Vutipongsatorn K; Tong X; Gavegnano C; Schinazi RF; Poznansky MC
  • Zika in the Americas, year 2: What have we learned? What gaps remain? A report from the Global Virus Network.
    Antiviral Res Volume: 144 Page(s): 223 - 246
    08/01/2017 Authors: Aliota MT; Bassit L; Bradrick SS; Cox B; Garcia-Blanco MA; Gavegnano C; Friedrich TC; Golos TG; Griffin DE; Haddow AD
  • Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 2',2',3',3'-tetrafluoro nucleoside analogs.
    Tetrahedron Lett Volume: 58 Page(s): 642 - 644
    02/15/2017 Authors: Sari O; Bassit L; Gavegnano C; McBrayer TR; McCormick L; Cox B; Coats SJ; Amblard F; Schinazi RF
  • Jak Inhibitors Modulate Production of Replication-Competent Zika Virus in Human Hofbauer, Trophoblasts, and Neuroblastoma cells.
    Pathog Immun Volume: 2 Page(s): 199 - 218
    01/01/2017 Authors: Gavegnano C; Bassit LC; Cox BD; Hsiao H-M; Johnson EL; Suthar M; Chakraborty R; Schinazi RF
  • The Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib reduces HIV replication in human macrophages and ameliorates HIV encephalitis in a murine model.
    Neurobiol Dis Volume: 92 Page(s): 137 - 143
    08/01/2016 Authors: Haile WB; Gavegnano C; Tao S; Jiang Y; Schinazi RF; Tyor WR
  • JAK INHIBITORS TOFACITINIB AND RUXOLITINIB EMPLOY A NOVEL MECHANISM TO INHIBIT HIV-1 REPLICATION AND PRO-HIV EVENTS IN PRIMARY RHESUS MACAQUE AND HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES
    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY Volume: 43 Page(s): 381 - 381
    10/01/2014 Authors: Gavegnano C; Montero C; Dupuy F; Brehm J; Sekaly R; Schinazi RF
  • Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 replication and virus reactivation in vitro.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother Volume: 58 Page(s): 1977 - 1986
    01/01/2014 Authors: Gavegnano C; Detorio M; Montero C; Bosque A; Planelles V; Schinazi RF
  • Cellular pharmacology and potency of HIV-1 nucleoside analogs in primary human macrophages.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother Volume: 57 Page(s): 1262 - 1269
    03/01/2013 Authors: Gavegnano C; Detorio MA; Bassit L; Hurwitz SJ; North TW; Schinazi RF
  • The Impact of Macrophage Nucleotide Pools on HIV-1 Reverse Transcription, Viral Replication, and the Development of Novel Antiviral Agents.
    Mol Biol Int Volume: 2012 Page(s): 625983
    01/01/2012 Authors: Gavegnano C; Kennedy EM; Kim B; Schinazi RF
  • Antiretroviral monocyte efficacy score linked to cognitive impairment in HIV.
    Antivir Ther Volume: 17 Page(s): 1233 - 1242
    01/01/2012 Authors: Shikuma CM; Nakamoto B; Shiramizu B; Liang C-Y; DeGruttola V; Bennett K; Paul R; Kallianpur K; Chow D; Gavegnano C
  • Abundant non-canonical dUTP found in primary human macrophages drives its frequent incorporation by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 286 Page(s): 25047 - 25055
    07/15/2011 Authors: Kennedy EM; Daddacha W; Slater R; Gavegnano C; Fromentin E; Schinazi RF; Kim B
  • Frequent incorporation of non-canonical dUTP by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase in primary human macrophage
    Volume: 16 Page(s): A125 - A125
    01/01/2011 Authors: Kennedy EM; Daddacha W; Slater R; Gavegnano C; Fromentin E; Schinazi RF; Kim B
  • Frequent incorporation of non-canonical dUTP by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase in primary human macrophage
    Volume: 16 Page(s): A125 - A125
    01/01/2011 Authors: Kennedy EM; Daddacha W; Slater R; Gavegnano C; Fromentin E; Schinazi RE; Kim B
  • Ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase in human macrophages.
    J Biol Chem Volume: 285 Page(s): 39380 - 39391
    12/10/2010 Authors: Kennedy EM; Gavegnano C; Nguyen L; Slater R; Lucas A; Fromentin E; Schinazi RF; Kim B
  • Simultaneous quantification of intracellular natural and antiretroviral nucleosides and nucleotides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
    Anal Chem Volume: 82 Page(s): 1982 - 1989
    03/01/2010 Authors: Fromentin E; Gavegnano C; Obikhod A; Schinazi RF
  • HCV drug discovery aimed at viral eradication.
    J Viral Hepat Volume: 17 Page(s): 77 - 90
    02/01/2010 Authors: Schinazi RF; Bassit L; Gavegnano C
  • Antiretroviral therapy in macrophages: implication for HIV eradication.
    Antivir Chem Chemother Volume: 20 Page(s): 63 - 78
    10/19/2009 Authors: Gavegnano C; Schinazi RF
  • HIV-1 nucleoside analogue triphosphate levels are significantly lower in primary human macrophages than in human lymphocytes
    Volume: 14 Page(s): A98 - A98
    01/01/2009 Authors: Gavegnano C; Fromentin E; Schinazi RF
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