Arash Grakoui PhD

Department of Medicine
Professor

(404) 727-7822
agrakou@emory.edu

Emory University
Room 3020
954 Gatewood Road, NE

Overview

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection chronicity and its detrimental long-term sequelae now comprise the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. There are currently nearly 4 million HCV carriers in the U.S., an estimated 170 million people worldwide, and in the next few years the number of annual U.S. deaths from HCV-induced liver cancer may surpass deaths caused by HIV. The paradoxical observation that HCV establishes a persistent infection despite the presence of humoral and cellular immune responses has provided the impetus to rigorously explore the host response to HCV. Our laboratory aims first to understand the role of the immune response in combating hepatitis C virus infection and second, to elucidate methods of augmenting the natural immune response to prevent HCV-associated liver disease and cancer.

Academic Appointment

Associate Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Emory University
Core Scientist, Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center

Education

Degrees

PhD from Washington University
BA from Washington University
BA from Washington University

Research

Focus

My laboratory focuses on the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) pathogenesis. We utilize in vitro model systems, in vivo experimental systems and ex vivo human tissue samples for our work to elucidate the viral and host factors that contribute to infection resolution or persistence.

Publications

Hyperfunctional T cell responses unchecked by regulatory T cells are unable to resolve hepaciviral infection without humoral contribution.
J Hepatol Volume: 82 Page(s): 604 - 614
04/01/2025 Authors: Jin F; Gridley J; Kumari A; Saeidi A; Holland B; Elrod E; Dravid P; Trivedi S; Kapoor A; Thapa M
Activation-Induced Marker Assay to Identify and Isolate HCV-Specific T Cells for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis.
Viruses Volume: 16
10/17/2024 Authors: Eisa M; Flores N; Khedr O; Gomez-Escobar E; Bdard N; Abdeltawab NF; Bruneau J; Grakoui A; Shoukry NH
Concerted synergy between viral-specific IgG and CD8 + T cells is critical for clearance of an HCV-related rodent hepacivirus.
Hepatology Volume: 80 Page(s): 937 - 950
10/01/2024 Authors: Gridley J; Holland B; Salinas E; Trivedi S; Dravid P; Elrod E; Jin F; Kumari A; Batista MN; Thapa M
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment.
Sci Adv Volume: 10 Page(s): eadp2636
08/23/2024 Authors: Kar M; Johnson KEE; Vanderheiden A; Elrod EJ; Floyd K; Geerling E; Stone ET; Salinas E; Banakis S; Wang W
Eosinophils protect against SARS-CoV-2 following a vaccine breakthrough infection.
bioRxiv
08/10/2024 Authors: Moore KM; Foster SL; Kar M; Floyd KA; Elrod EJ; Williams ME; Velden JV; Ellis M; Malik A; Wali B
BiliQML: a supervised machine-learning model to quantify biliary forms from digitized whole slide liver histopathological images.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Volume: 327 Page(s): G1 - G15
07/01/2024 Authors: Hellen DJ; Fay ME; Lee DH; Klindt-Morgan C; Bennett A; Pachura KJ; Grakoui A; Huppert SS; Dawson PA; Lam WA
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment.
bioRxiv
01/24/2024 Authors: Kar M; Johnson KEE; Vanderheiden A; Elrod EJ; Floyd K; Geerling E; Stone ET; Salinas E; Banakis S; Wang W
Coordinated expansion of memory T follicular helper and B cells mediates spontaneous clearance of HCV reinfection.
Front Immunol Volume: 15 Page(s): 1403769
01/01/2024 Authors: Eisa M; Gomez-Escobar E; Bdard N; Abdeltawab NF; Flores N; Mazouz S; Fieff-Bdard A; Sakayan P; Gridley J; Abdel-Hakeem MS
Soluble ORF2 protein enhances HEV replication and induces long-lasting antibody response and protective immunity in vivo.
Hepatology Volume: 78 Page(s): 1867 - 1881
12/01/2023 Authors: Ralfs P; Holland B; Salinas E; Bremer B; Wang M; Zhu J; Ambardekar C; Blasczyk H; Walker CM; Feng Z
Phenotype and fate of liver-resident CD8 T cells during acute and chronic hepacivirus infection.
PLoS Pathog Volume: 19 Page(s): e1011697
10/01/2023 Authors: Dravid P; Murthy S; Attia Z; Cassady C; Chandra R; Trivedi S; Vyas A; Gridley J; Holland B; Kumari A
Translocation of gut commensal bacteria to the brain.
bioRxiv
09/01/2023 Authors: Thapa M; Kumari A; Chin C-Y; Choby JE; Jin F; Bogati B; Chopyk DM; Koduri N; Pahnke A; Elrod EJ
Western diet dampens T regulatory cell function to fuel hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
bioRxiv
03/25/2023 Authors: Chaudhary S; Rai R; Pal PB; Tedesco D; Singhi AD; Monga SP; Grakoui A; Iyer SS; Raeman R
Regions of hepatitis C virus E2 required for membrane association.
Nat Commun Volume: 14 Page(s): 433
01/26/2023 Authors: Kumar A; Rohe TC; Elrod EJ; Khan AG; Dearborn AD; Kissinger R; Grakoui A; Marcotrigiano J
Differential immune transcriptomic profiles between vaccinated and resolved HCV reinfected subjects.
PLoS Pathog Volume: 18 Page(s): e1010968
11/01/2022 Authors: Mazouz S; Salinas E; Bdard N; Filali A; Khedr O; Swadling L; Abdel-Hakeem MS; Siddique A; Barnes E; Bruneau J
Neutralization and receptor use of infectious culture-derived rat hepacivirus as a model for HCV.
Hepatology Volume: 76 Page(s): 1506 - 1519
11/01/2022 Authors: Wolfisberg R; Thorselius CE; Salinas E; Elrod E; Trivedi S; Nielsen L; Fahne U; Kapoor A; Grakoui A; Rice CM
Serum neutralization activity declines but memory B cells persist after cure of chronic hepatitis C.
Nat Commun Volume: 13 Page(s): 5446
09/16/2022 Authors: Nishio A; Hasan S; Park H; Park N; Salas JH; Salinas E; Kardava L; Juneau P; Frumento N; Massaccesi G
Erratum for Vanderheiden et al., "CCR2 Signaling Restricts SARS-CoV-2 Infection".
mBio Volume: 13 Page(s): e0025922
06/28/2022 Authors: Vanderheiden A; Thomas J; Soung AL; Davis-Gardner ME; Floyd K; Jin F; Cowan DA; Pellegrini K; Creanga A; Pegu A
mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant.
Cell Rep Med Volume: 3 Page(s): 100529
02/15/2022 Authors: Edara V-V; Manning KE; Ellis M; Lai L; Moore KM; Foster SL; Floyd K; Davis-Gardner ME; Mantus G; Nyhoff LE
mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
bioRxiv
12/22/2021 Authors: Edara V-V; Manning KE; Ellis M; Lai L; Moore KM; Foster SL; Floyd K; Davis-Gardner ME; Mantus G; Nyhoff LE
CCR2 Signaling Restricts SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
mBio Volume: 12 Page(s): e0274921
12/21/2021 Authors: Vanderheiden A; Thomas J; Soung AL; Davis-Gardner ME; Floyd K; Jin F; Cowan DA; Pellegrini K; Shi P-Y; Grakoui A
SERUM NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY DECLINES RAPIDLY, BUT MEMORY B CELLS PERSIST FOR DECADES AFTER CURE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Volume: 74 Page(s): 611A - 612A
10/01/2021 Authors: Nishio A; Hasan S; Park N; Salas JH; Salinas ED; Kardava L; Juneau P; Frumento N; Massaccesi G; Moir S
Structural insights into hepatitis C virus receptor binding and entry.
Nature Volume: 598 Page(s): 521 - 525
10/01/2021 Authors: Kumar A; Hossain RA; Yost SA; Bu W; Wang Y; Dearborn AD; Grakoui A; Cohen JI; Marcotrigiano J
Resolution of hepatitis E virus infection in CD8+ T cell-depleted rhesus macaques.
J Hepatol Volume: 75 Page(s): 557 - 564
09/01/2021 Authors: Bremer W; Blasczyk H; Yin X; Salinas E; Grakoui A; Feng Z; Walker C
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce type I interferon and reduce viral replication in airway epithelial cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
bioRxiv
05/13/2021 Authors: Cervantes-Barragan L; Vanderheiden A; Royer CJ; Davis-Gardner ME; Ralfs P; Chirkova T; Anderson LJ; Grakoui A; Suthar MS
CCR2-dependent monocyte-derived cells restrict SARS-CoV-2 infection.
bioRxiv
05/04/2021 Authors: Vanderheiden A; Thomas J; Soung AL; Davis-Gardner ME; Floyd K; Jin F; Cowan DA; Pellegrini K; Creanga A; Pegu A
Contribution of soluble ORF2 viral protein to viral replication and host immune response during acute Hepatitis E virus infection
Volume: 206
05/01/2021 Authors: Ralfs P; Salinas E; Ambardekar C; Bremer B; Blasczyk H; Zhu J; Holland B; Walker CM; Feng Z; Grakoui A
Cell-intrinsic MAVS promotes antigen specific CD8+T cell proliferation and mitochondrial metabolism
Volume: 206
05/01/2021 Authors: Vanderheiden A; Valenzuela RA; Verkerke H; Jin F; Price M; Boss JM; Grakoui A; Suthar MS
Diminished monocyte response in severe COVID-19 patients
Volume: 206
05/01/2021 Authors: Davis-Gardner ME; Edara V; Lai L; Jin F; Floyd K; Nyhoff L; Mantus G; Adelman M; Pellegrini K; Chirkova T
Immune system control of hepatitis C virus infection.
Curr Opin Virol Volume: 46 Page(s): 36 - 44
02/01/2021 Authors: Stuart JD; Salinas E; Grakoui A
Early T follicular helper cell activity accelerates hepatitis C virus-specific B cell expansion.
J Clin Invest Volume: 131
01/19/2021 Authors: Salinas E; Boisvert M; Upadhyay AA; Bdard N; Nelson SA; Bruneau J; Derdeyn CA; Marcotrigiano J; Evans MJ; Bosinger SE
Type I and Type III Interferons Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Airway Epithelial Cultures.
J Virol Volume: 94
09/15/2020 Authors: Vanderheiden A; Ralfs P; Chirkova T; Upadhyay AA; Zimmerman MG; Bedoya S; Aoued H; Tharp GM; Pellegrini KL; Manfredi C
Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome and Gut Barrier to Hepatic Disorders.
Gastroenterology Volume: 159 Page(s): 849 - 863
09/01/2020 Authors: Chopyk DM; Grakoui A
Blockade of BAFF Reshapes the Hepatic B Cell Receptor Repertoire and Attenuates Autoantibody Production in Cholestatic Liver Disease.
J Immunol Volume: 204 Page(s): 3117 - 3128
06/15/2020 Authors: Thapa M; Tedesco D; Gumber S; Elrod EJ; Han J-H; Kitchens WH; Magliocca JF; Adams AB; Grakoui A
CD8+T cell intrinsic MAVS promotes antigen-specific responses and mitochondrial metabolism during West Nile Virus neuroinvasive disease
Volume: 204
05/01/2020 Authors: Vanderheiden A; Aguilar-Valenzuela R; Verkerke H; Price M; Boss JM; Grakoui A; Suthar MS
Monkey in the Middle: Dynamics of Interspecies Antibody Responses.
Gastroenterology Volume: 158 Page(s): 820 - 822
03/01/2020 Authors: Salinas E; Grakoui A
Mechanotransduction in T Cell Development, Differentiation and Function.
Cells Volume: 9
02/05/2020 Authors: Rushdi M; Li K; Yuan Z; Travaglino S; Grakoui A; Zhu C
CD4+ T cell restoration and control of hepatitis C virus replication after childbirth.
J Clin Invest Volume: 130 Page(s): 748 - 753
02/03/2020 Authors: Coss SL; Torres-Cornejo A; Prasad MR; Moore-Clingenpeel M; Grakoui A; Lauer GM; Walker CM; Honegger JR
Acetaminophen Intoxication Rapidly Induces Apoptosis of Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells and Enhances Intestinal Permeability.
Hepatol Commun Volume: 3 Page(s): 1435 - 1449
11/01/2019 Authors: Chopyk DM; Stuart JD; Zimmerman MG; Wen J; Gumber S; Suthar MS; Thapa M; Czaja MJ; Grakoui A
Of mice, rats, and men: Small animal model of hepatitis C virus infection.
Hepatology Volume: 68 Page(s): 374 - 376
07/01/2018 Authors: Grakoui A; Walker CM
Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Lead to Production of Interleukin 17 by Intrahepatic T-Cell Receptor-Positive Cells and Pathogenesis of Cholestatic Liver Disease.
Gastroenterology Volume: 154 Page(s): 2178 - 2193
06/01/2018 Authors: Tedesco D; Thapa M; Chin CY; Ge Y; Gong M; Li J; Gumber S; Speck P; Elrod EJ; Burd EM
Dynamics of Tissue-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses during West Nile Virus Infection.
J Virol Volume: 92
05/15/2018 Authors: Aguilar-Valenzuela R; Netland J; Seo Y-J; Bevan MJ; Grakoui A; Suthar MS
EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes hepatic fibrogenesis in mice via activation of hepatic stellate cells.
Sci Rep Volume: 8 Page(s): 2532
02/07/2018 Authors: Mimche PN; Lee CM; Mimche SM; Thapa M; Grakoui A; Henkemeyer M; Lamb TJ
Environmental peer pressure: CD4+ T cell help in tolerance and transplantation.
Liver Transpl Volume: 24 Page(s): 89 - 97
01/01/2018 Authors: Tedesco D; Grakoui A
Gut microbiota-driven IL-17 responses by intrahepatic gamma delta T cells mediates pathology of cholestatic liver disease
Volume: 66 Page(s): 451A - 451A
10/01/2017 Authors: Thapa M; Tedesco D; Chin CY; Elrod E; Gumber S; Ge Y; Gong M; Mohamadzadeh M; Weiss D; Grakoui A
Transgenic West Nile Virus virus-specific CDS+ T cells provide insights on activation patterns and protective role of cytotoxic T cells during infection
Volume: 198
05/01/2017 Authors: Aguilar-Valenzuela R; Seo Y-J; Grakoui A; Suthar MS
CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells promote aberrant immunoglobulin G production and maintain CD8+ T-cell suppression during chronic liver disease.
Hepatology Volume: 65 Page(s): 661 - 677
02/01/2017 Authors: Tedesco D; Thapa M; Gumber S; Elrod EJ; Rahman K; Ibegbu CC; Magliocca JF; Adams AB; Anania F; Grakoui A
Novel E2 Glycoprotein Tetramer Detects Hepatitis C Virus-Specific Memory B Cells.
J Immunol Volume: 197 Page(s): 4848 - 4858
12/15/2016 Authors: Boisvert M; Zhang W; Elrod EJ; Bernard NF; Villeneuve J-P; Bruneau J; Marcotrigiano J; Shoukry NH; Grakoui A
Local Cellular and Cytokine Cues in the Spleen Regulate In Situ T Cell Receptor Affinity, Function, and Fate of CD8+ T Cells.
Immunity Volume: 45 Page(s): 988 - 998
11/15/2016 Authors: Seo Y-J; Jothikumar P; Suthar MS; Zhu C; Grakoui A
Future landscape of hepatitis C research - Basic, translational and clinical perspectives.
J Hepatol Volume: 65 Page(s): S143 - S155
10/01/2016 Authors: Moradpour D; Grakoui A; Manns MP
Influence of IFNL3 and HLA-DPB1 genotype on postpartum control of hepatitis C virus replication and T-cell recovery.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 113 Page(s): 10684 - 10689
09/20/2016 Authors: Honegger JR; Tedesco D; Kohout JA; Prasad MR; Price AA; Lindquist T; Ohmer S; Moore-Clingenpeel M; Grakoui A; Walker CM
Prolonged activation of innate antiviral gene signature after childbirth is determined by IFNL3 genotype.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 113 Page(s): 10678 - 10683
09/20/2016 Authors: Price AA; Tedesco D; Prasad MR; Workowski KA; Walker CM; Suthar MS; Honegger JR; Grakoui A
Infiltrating monocytes promote brain inflammation and exacerbate neuronal damage after status epilepticus.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 113 Page(s): E5665 - E5674
09/20/2016 Authors: Varvel NH; Neher JJ; Bosch A; Wang W; Ransohoff RM; Miller RJ; Dingledine R
Anatomic partitioning regulates TCR-pMHC interaction and memory T cell development during early immune contraction phase
Volume: 196
05/01/2016 Authors: Seo Y-J; Jothikumar P; Zhu C; Grakoui A
Host genetic factors and miRNA-linked dendritic cell responses associated with the outcome of treatment response in HIV-1/HCV co-infected individuals
Volume: 196
05/01/2016 Authors: Jain P; Sehgal M; Narang R; Ginwala R; Zeremski M; Talal A; Elrod E; Grakoui A; Li Q-G; Philip R
Presentation of hepatocellular antigens.
Cell Mol Immunol Volume: 13 Page(s): 293 - 300
05/01/2016 Authors: Grakoui A; Crispe IN
Harnessing the Prokaryotic Adaptive Immune System as a Eukaryotic Antiviral Defense.
Trends Microbiol Volume: 24 Page(s): 294 - 306
04/01/2016 Authors: Price AA; Grakoui A; Weiss DS
Anatomic Compartmentalization Regulates TCR-PEP-MHC Interaction and Fate
Volume: 110 Page(s): 511A - 511A
02/16/2016 Authors: Zhu C; Jothikumar P; Seo Y-J; Grakoui A
IFN--Induced Downregulation of miR-221 in Dendritic Cells: Implications for HCV Pathogenesis and Treatment.
J Interferon Cytokine Res Volume: 35 Page(s): 698 - 709
09/01/2015 Authors: Sehgal M; Zeremski M; Talal AH; Ginwala R; Elrod E; Grakoui A; Li Q-G; Philip R; Khan ZK; Jain P
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 promotes hepatic fibrosis in mice.
Hepatology Volume: 62 Page(s): 900 - 914
09/01/2015 Authors: Mimche PN; Brady LM; Bray CF; Lee CM; Thapa M; King TP; Quicke K; McDermott CD; Mimche SM; Grakoui A
Hepatitis C virus: why do we need a vaccine to prevent a curable persistent infection?
Curr Opin Immunol Volume: 35 Page(s): 137 - 143
08/01/2015 Authors: Walker CM; Grakoui A
Host genetic factors and miRNA-linked dendritic cell responses associated with the outcome of treatment response in HIV-1/HCV co-infected individuals
Volume: 21 Page(s): S68 - S69
06/01/2015 Authors: Sehgal M; Ginwala R; Zeremski M; Talal A; Elrod E; Grakoui A; Li Q-G; Philip R; Khan ZK; Jain P
Liver fibrosis occurs through dysregulation of MyD88-dependent innate B-cell activity.
Hepatology Volume: 61 Page(s): 2067 - 2079
06/01/2015 Authors: Thapa M; Chinnadurai R; Velazquez VM; Tedesco D; Elrod E; Han J-H; Sharma P; Ibegbu C; Gewirtz A; Anania F
Cas9-mediated targeting of viral RNA in eukaryotic cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 112 Page(s): 6164 - 6169
05/12/2015 Authors: Price AA; Sampson TR; Ratner HK; Grakoui A; Weiss DS
Pillars article: The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation. Science. 1999. 285: 221-227.
J Immunol Volume: 194 Page(s): 4066 - 4072
05/01/2015 Authors: Grakoui A; Bromley SK; Sumen C; Davis MM; Shaw AS; Allen PM; Dustin ML
Deficiency in the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 attenuates experimentally-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Volume: 194
05/01/2015 Authors: Mimche P; Brady L; Bray C; Mimche S; Thapa M; King T; Quicke K; Lee C; Grakoui A; Morgan E
Chronic liver fibrosis triggers autoantibody production by B cells in a MyD88-dependent pathway
Volume: 194
05/01/2015 Authors: Thapa M; Tedesco D; Elrod E; Han-Hwan J; Grakoui A
CD4+T cells from fibrotic livers direct aberrant autoantibody production from B cells
Volume: 194
05/01/2015 Authors: Tedesco D; Thapa M; Mendel J; Best V; Ibegbu C; Grakoui A
Systems biological analyses reveal the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific regulation of hematopoietic development.
Hepatology Volume: 61 Page(s): 843 - 856
03/01/2015 Authors: Velazquez VM; Uebelhoer LS; Thapa M; Ibegbu CC; Courtney C; Bosinger SE; Magliocca JF; Adams AB; Kirk AD; Knechtle SJ
Structure of the core ectodomain of the hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein 2.
Nature Volume: 509 Page(s): 381 - 384
05/15/2014 Authors: Khan AG; Whidby J; Miller MT; Scarborough H; Zatorski AV; Cygan A; Price AA; Yost SA; Bohannon CD; Jacob J
HCV adaptations to altered CD8+ T-cell immunity during pregnancy.
Future Virol Volume: 9 Page(s): 333 - 336
04/01/2014 Authors: Price AA; Grakoui A; Honegger JR
Liver Injury and Inflammation Leads to Profound Hepatic Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Predisposes the Liver to Metastatic Disease
Volume: 60 Page(s): 505A - 505A
01/01/2014 Authors: Mendel JB; Price A; Grakoui A
A neutralization epitope in the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein interacts with host entry factor CD81.
PLoS One Volume: 9 Page(s): e84346
01/01/2014 Authors: Zhao Z; Zhong L; Elrod E; Struble E; Ma L; Yan H; Harman C; Deng L; Virata-Theimer ML; Liu P
Loss of immune escape mutations during persistent HCV infection in pregnancy enhances replication of vertically transmitted viruses.
Nat Med Volume: 19 Page(s): 1529 - 1533
11/01/2013 Authors: Honegger JR; Kim S; Price AA; Kohout JA; McKnight KL; Prasad MR; Lemon SM; Grakoui A; Walker CM
Immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1).
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 110 Page(s): 15001 - 15006
09/10/2013 Authors: Fuller MJ; Callendret B; Zhu B; Freeman GJ; Hasselschwert DL; Satterfield W; Sharpe AH; Dustin LB; Rice CM; Grakoui A
Hepatic stellate cells preferentially induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells by production of retinoic acid.
J Immunol Volume: 190 Page(s): 2009 - 2016
03/01/2013 Authors: Dunham RM; Thapa M; Velazquez VM; Elrod EJ; Denning TL; Pulendran B; Grakoui A
Chronic but not acute virus infection induces sustained expansion of myeloid suppressor cell numbers that inhibit viral-specific T cell immunity.
Immunity Volume: 38 Page(s): 309 - 321
02/21/2013 Authors: Norris BA; Uebelhoer LS; Nakaya HI; Price AA; Grakoui A; Pulendran B
Hepatic enrichment and activation of myeloid dendritic cells during chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Hepatology Volume: 56 Page(s): 2071 - 2081
12/01/2012 Authors: Velazquez VM; Hon H; Ibegbu C; Knechtle SJ; Kirk AD; Grakoui A
Structural and functional insights into alphavirus polyprotein processing and pathogenesis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 109 Page(s): 16534 - 16539
10/09/2012 Authors: Shin G; Yost SA; Miller MT; Elrod EJ; Grakoui A; Marcotrigiano J
Potential role for intrahepatic CD34+cells in immunity to hepatitis C virus
Volume: 56 Page(s): 1109A - 1110A
10/01/2012 Authors: Best V; Knechtle SJ; Kirk AD; Grakoui A
Immune quiescence and hepatitis B virus: tolerance has its limits.
Gastroenterology Volume: 143 Page(s): 529 - 532
09/01/2012 Authors: Velazquez VM; Grakoui A
Hepatic transplant and HCV: a new playground for an old virus.
Am J Transplant Volume: 12 Page(s): 298 - 305
02/01/2012 Authors: Chinnadurai R; Velazquez V; Grakoui A
A spatial view of the CD8+ T-cell response: the case of HCV.
Rev Med Virol Volume: 21 Page(s): 347 - 357
11/01/2011 Authors: Racanelli V; Leone P; Grakoui A
Hepatitis C virus is primed by CD81 protein for low pH-dependent fusion.
J Biol Chem Volume: 286 Page(s): 30361 - 30376
09/02/2011 Authors: Sharma NR; Mateu G; Dreux M; Grakoui A; Cosset F-L; Melikyan GB
B7-H4 mediates inhibition of T cell responses by activated murine hepatic stellate cells.
Hepatology Volume: 52 Page(s): 2177 - 2185
12/01/2010 Authors: Chinnadurai R; Grakoui A
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway.
Hepatology Volume: 51 Page(s): 1584 - 1592
05/01/2010 Authors: Gupta NA; Mells J; Dunham RM; Grakoui A; Handy J; Saxena NK; Anania FA
Transient CD86 expression on hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in acute infection is linked to sufficient IL-2 signaling.
J Immunol Volume: 184 Page(s): 2410 - 2422
03/01/2010 Authors: Radziewicz H; Ibegbu CC; Hon H; Bdard N; Bruneau J; Workowski KA; Knechtle SJ; Kirk AD; Larsen CP; Shoukry NH
Acute hepatitis C and HIV coinfection.
Lancet Infect Dis Volume: 9 Page(s): 775 - 783
12/01/2009 Authors: Dionne-Odom J; Osborn MK; Radziewicz H; Grakoui A; Workowski K
Blocking hepatitis C virus infection with recombinant form of envelope protein 2 ectodomain.
J Virol Volume: 83 Page(s): 11078 - 11089
11/01/2009 Authors: Whidby J; Mateu G; Scarborough H; Demeler B; Grakoui A; Marcotrigiano J
STIMULATION OF LIVER-RESIDENT, BUT NOT CIRCULATING PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR AGONISTS RESULTS IN HIGH LEVELS OF INTERFERON ALPHA SECRETION DURING CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Volume: 50 Page(s): 932A - 933A
10/01/2009 Authors: Hon H; Shen L; Spivey JR; Kirk AD; Grakoui A
Roles for endocytic trafficking and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha in hepatitis C virus replication.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 106 Page(s): 7577 - 7582
05/05/2009 Authors: Berger KL; Cooper JD; Heaton NS; Yoon R; Oakland TE; Jordan TX; Mateu G; Grakoui A; Randall G
PD-1 tempers Tregs in chronic HCV infection.
J Clin Invest Volume: 119 Page(s): 450 - 453
03/01/2009 Authors: Radziewicz H; Dunham RM; Grakoui A
Differential expression of CD26 on virus-specific CD8(+) T cells during active, latent and resolved infection.
Immunology Volume: 126 Page(s): 346 - 353
03/01/2009 Authors: Ibegbu CC; Xu Y-X; Fillos D; Radziewicz H; Grakoui A; Kourtis AP
Rare birds in North America: acute hepatitis C cohorts.
Gastroenterology Volume: 136 Page(s): 26 - 31
01/01/2009 Authors: Cox AL; Page K; Bruneau J; Shoukry NH; Lauer GM; Kim AY; Rosen HR; Radziewicz H; Grakoui A; Fierer DS
Impaired hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific effector CD8+ T cells undergo massive apoptosis in the peripheral blood during acute HCV infection and in the liver during the chronic phase of infection.
J Virol Volume: 82 Page(s): 9808 - 9822
10/01/2008 Authors: Radziewicz H; Ibegbu CC; Hon H; Osborn MK; Obideen K; Wehbi M; Freeman GJ; Lennox JL; Workowski KA; Hanson HL
Stable cytotoxic T cell escape mutation in hepatitis C virus is linked to maintenance of viral fitness.
PLoS Pathog Volume: 4 Page(s): e1000143
09/05/2008 Authors: Uebelhoer L; Han J-H; Callendret B; Mateu G; Shoukry NH; Hanson HL; Rice CM; Walker CM; Grakoui A
Intragenotypic JFH1 based recombinant hepatitis C virus produces high levels of infectious particles but causes increased cell death.
Virology Volume: 376 Page(s): 397 - 407
07/05/2008 Authors: Mateu G; Donis RO; Wakita T; Bukh J; Grakoui A
Unraveling the role of PD-1/PD-L interactions in persistent hepatotropic infections: potential for therapeutic application?
Gastroenterology Volume: 134 Page(s): 2168 - 2171
06/01/2008 Authors: Radziewicz H; Hanson HL; Ahmed R; Grakoui A
Variable patterns of programmed death-1 expression on fully functional memory T cells after spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus infection.
J Virol Volume: 82 Page(s): 5109 - 5114
05/01/2008 Authors: Bowen DG; Shoukry NH; Grakoui A; Fuller MJ; Cawthon AG; Dong C; Hasselschwert DL; Brasky KM; Freeman GJ; Seth NP
Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation in viral infection: a cell for all seasons.
World J Gastroenterol Volume: 13 Page(s): 4848 - 4857
09/28/2007 Authors: Radziewicz H; Uebelhoer L; Bengsch B; Grakoui A
Liver-infiltrating lymphocytes in chronic human hepatitis C virus infection display an exhausted phenotype with high levels of PD-1 and low levels of CD127 expression.
J Virol Volume: 81 Page(s): 2545 - 2553
03/01/2007 Authors: Radziewicz H; Ibegbu CC; Fernandez ML; Workowski KA; Obideen K; Wehbi M; Hanson HL; Steinberg JP; Masopust D; Wherry EJ
Evidence for a functional RNA element in the hepatitis C virus core gene.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 104 Page(s): 2879 - 2884
02/20/2007 Authors: McMullan LK; Grakoui A; Evans MJ; Mihalik K; Puig M; Branch AD; Feinstone SM; Rice CM
Interferons alpha and lambda inhibit hepatitis C virus replication with distinct signal transduction and gene regulation kinetics.
Gastroenterology Volume: 131 Page(s): 1887 - 1898
12/01/2006 Authors: Marcello T; Grakoui A; Barba-Spaeth G; Machlin ES; Kotenko SV; MacDonald MR; Rice CM
Turning on the off switch: regulation of anti-viral T cell responses in the liver by the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
J Hepatol Volume: 45 Page(s): 468 - 472
10/01/2006 Authors: Grakoui A; John Wherry E; Hanson HL; Walker C; Ahmed R
Lack of phenotypic and functional impairment in dendritic cells from chimpanzees chronically infected with hepatitis C virus.
J Virol Volume: 78 Page(s): 6151 - 6161
06/01/2004 Authors: Larsson M; Babcock E; Grakoui A; Shoukry N; Lauer G; Rice C; Walker C; Bhardwaj N
Hepatitis C virus infection. How does the host respond?
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol Volume: 50 Page(s): 21 - 28
03/01/2004 Authors: Grakoui A
Characterization of HCV-specific Patr class II restricted CD4+ T cell responses in an acutely infected chimpanzee.
Hepatology Volume: 38 Page(s): 1297 - 1306
11/01/2003 Authors: Woollard DJ; Grakoui A; Shoukry NH; Murthy KK; Campbell KJ; Walker CM
HCV persistence and immune evasion in the absence of memory T cell help.
Science Volume: 302 Page(s): 659 - 662
10/24/2003 Authors: Grakoui A; Shoukry NH; Woollard DJ; Han J-H; Hanson HL; Ghrayeb J; Murthy KK; Rice CM; Walker CM
Memory CD8+ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection.
J Exp Med Volume: 197 Page(s): 1645 - 1655
06/16/2003 Authors: Shoukry NH; Grakoui A; Houghton M; Chien DY; Ghrayeb J; Reimann KA; Walker CM
Memory CD8+ T cells provide long-term protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection
Volume: 17 Page(s): C162 - C162
04/14/2003 Authors: Shoukry NH; Grakoui A; Houghton M; Chien DY; Reimann KA; Ghrayeb J; Walker CM
Absence of CD4+ T cells facilitates viral escape and prevents resolution of HCV infection
Volume: 17 Page(s): C163 - C164
04/14/2003 Authors: Grakoui A; Shoukry NH; Woollard D; Han JH; Conway D; Hanson HL; Rice CM; Walker CM
Clearance of replicating hepatitis C virus replicon RNAs in cell culture by small interfering RNAs.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 100 Page(s): 235 - 240
01/07/2003 Authors: Randall G; Grakoui A; Rice CM
Bad time for Bonzo? Experimental models of hepatitis C virus infection, replication, and pathogenesis.
Hepatology Volume: 33 Page(s): 489 - 495
03/01/2001 Authors: Grakoui A; Hanson HL; Rice CM
Structural and functional consequences of altering a peptide MHC anchor residue.
J Immunol Volume: 166 Page(s): 3345 - 3354
03/01/2001 Authors: Kersh GJ; Miley MJ; Nelson CA; Grakoui A; Horvath S; Donermeyer DL; Kappler J; Allen PM; Fremont DH
The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation.
Science Volume: 285 Page(s): 221 - 227
07/09/1999 Authors: Grakoui A; Bromley SK; Sumen C; Davis MM; Shaw AS; Allen PM; Dustin ML
TCR-independent pathways mediate the effects of antigen dose and altered peptide ligands on Th cell polarization.
J Immunol Volume: 162 Page(s): 1923 - 1930
02/15/1999 Authors: Grakoui A; Donermeyer DL; Kanagawa O; Murphy KM; Allen PM
Molecular basis for the lack of T cell proliferation induced by an altered peptide ligand.
Int Immunol Volume: 10 Page(s): 969 - 979
07/01/1998 Authors: Grakoui A; VanDyk LF; Dowdy SF; Allen PM
Inhibition of an in vitro CD4+ T cell alloresponse using altered peptide ligands.
J Immunol Volume: 160 Page(s): 3244 - 3250
04/01/1998 Authors: Daniel C; Grakoui A; Allen PM
Three agonist ligands induce similar proliferation, but different Th cytokine secretion.
FASEB JOURNAL Volume: 12 Page(s): A622 - A622
03/17/1998 Authors: Grakoui A; Allen PM
HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus. Identification of multiple epitopes and characterization of patterns of cytokine release.
J Clin Invest Volume: 96 Page(s): 2311 - 2321
11/01/1995 Authors: Koziel MJ; Dudley D; Afdhal N; Grakoui A; Rice CM; Choo QL; Houghton M; Walker BD
Hepatitis C virus-encoded NS2-3 protease: cleavage-site mutagenesis and requirements for bimolecular cleavage.
J Virol Volume: 69 Page(s): 4127 - 4136
07/01/1995 Authors: Reed KE; Grakoui A; Rice CM
Patients with chronic hepatitis C have circulating cytotoxic T cells which recognize hepatitis C virus-encoded peptides binding to HLA-A2.1 molecules.
J Virol Volume: 69 Page(s): 2462 - 2470
04/01/1995 Authors: Battegay M; Fikes J; Di Bisceglie AM; Wentworth PA; Sette A; Celis E; Ching WM; Grakoui A; Rice CM; Kurokohchi K
Hepatitis C virus NS3 serine proteinase: trans-cleavage requirements and processing kinetics.
J Virol Volume: 68 Page(s): 8147 - 8157
12/01/1994 Authors: Lin C; Prgai BM; Grakoui A; Xu J; Rice CM
Deletion and duplication mutations in the C-terminal nonconserved region of Sindbis virus nsP3: effects on phosphorylation and on virus replication in vertebrate and invertebrate cells.
Virology Volume: 202 Page(s): 224 - 232
07/01/1994 Authors: Lastarza MW; Grakoui A; Rice CM
FLAVIVIRUS PROTEINASES
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY Page(s): 125 - 125
01/01/1994 Authors: RICE CM; GRAKOUI A; CHAMBERS TJ; LIN C; AMBERG SM; KOLYKHALOV AA; AGAPOV YV; REED K; NESTOROWICZ AC; MCCOURT DW
A second hepatitis C virus-encoded proteinase.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 90 Page(s): 10583 - 10587
11/15/1993 Authors: Grakoui A; McCourt DW; Wychowski C; Feinstone SM; Rice CM
Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein polynucleotide-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase and comparison with the related pestivirus and flavivirus enzymes.
J Virol Volume: 67 Page(s): 6152 - 6158
10/01/1993 Authors: Suzich JA; Tamura JK; Palmer-Hill F; Warrener P; Grakoui A; Rice CM; Feinstone SM; Collett MS
Characterization of the hepatitis C virus-encoded serine proteinase: determination of proteinase-dependent polyprotein cleavage sites.
J Virol Volume: 67 Page(s): 2832 - 2843
05/01/1993 Authors: Grakoui A; McCourt DW; Wychowski C; Feinstone SM; Rice CM
Expression and identification of hepatitis C virus polyprotein cleavage products.
J Virol Volume: 67 Page(s): 1385 - 1395
03/01/1993 Authors: Grakoui A; Wychowski C; Lin C; Feinstone SM; Rice CM
Processing of the yellow fever virus nonstructural polyprotein: a catalytically active NS3 proteinase domain and NS2B are required for cleavages at dibasic sites.
J Virol Volume: 65 Page(s): 6042 - 6050
11/01/1991 Authors: Chambers TJ; Grakoui A; Rice CM
Evidence that the N-terminal domain of nonstructural protein NS3 from yellow fever virus is a serine protease responsible for site-specific cleavages in the viral polyprotein.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume: 87 Page(s): 8898 - 8902
11/01/1990 Authors: Chambers TJ; Weir RC; Grakoui A; McCourt DW; Bazan JF; Fletterick RJ; Rice CM
A cis-acting mutation in the Sindbis virus junction region which affects subgenomic RNA synthesis.
J Virol Volume: 63 Page(s): 5216 - 5227
12/01/1989 Authors: Grakoui A; Levis R; Raju R; Huang HV; Rice CM
Transcription of infectious yellow fever RNA from full-length cDNA templates produced by in vitro ligation.
New Biol Volume: 1 Page(s): 285 - 296
12/01/1989 Authors: Rice CM; Grakoui A; Galler R; Chambers TJ
Mapping of RNA- temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: complementation group F mutants have lesions in nsP4.
J Virol Volume: 63 Page(s): 1194 - 1202
03/01/1989 Authors: Hahn YS; Grakoui A; Rice CM; Strauss EG; Strauss JH

Directory section navigation

Profile