Words matter a lot, and autism stakeholders are engaged in vigorous discussion about what terms to use to talk about autism and people who receive an autism diagnosis or identify with autism traits. Traditional use has favored so-called person-centered language, i.e., “a child with autism.” The rationale for this approach is to maintain focus on the person. However, research shows that this language structure is associated with more forms of distancing for many kinds of differences in ability. It seems that differences that are apparent but unspoken create extra space in the interaction because no one is sure what to do with those differences.
As part of the recognition of autism as one kind of neurotype, that is, just another way to be human rather than something to shy away from, many people diagnosed with autism have embraced identity-first language, i.e., “autistic adult.” Much as we usually refer to some people as “boys” rather than “young children with an XY chromosomal configuration,” or “a Braves Fan” rather than “a person who attends many games each year at Truist Field while wearing full red-and-navy regalia”, identity-first language shows acceptance, respect, and willingness to engage rather than shy away from a person because they are different. In fact, research studies asking autistic people about their preference – though these do not include all autistic people – show a marked preference for identity-first language. In recognition of the ongoing dialogue, we may use both styles; in recognition of preference stated by growing voices of autistic people, we will use identity-first language more regularly.
Every person is different, whether they have an autism diagnosis or minimal developmental concerns. There is no word or label that applies to all people equally! In reference to neurodiversity frameworks which acknowledge many differences across autism, ADHD and so forth, we also use the term neurotypical to refer to people who are generally more comfortable following expected social and developmental norms, though there is a vast range even for the most typical of anyone!
For further reference, see among other viewpoints:
- Buzzfeed News: How Autistic People Are Showing The Limitations Of Person-First Language
- NIH National Library of Medicine: Does Language Matter? Identity-First Versus Person-First Language Use in Autism Research: A Response to Vivanti
And an interesting contrary viewpoint at The Spectator: The Danger of Neurodiversity.